Supersonic aircraft required even more drastic changes in airfoil shapes, some losing the roundness formerly associated with a wing and having a double-wedge shape.īy moving forward in the air, the wing’s airfoil obtains a reaction useful for flight from the air passing over its surface. As airspeeds grew, there was a requirement for a very smooth passage of air over the surface, which was achieved in the laminar-flow airfoil, where the camber was farther back than contemporary practice dictated. In time, both upper and lower surfaces were curved to a greater or lesser degree, and the thickest part of the airfoil gradually moved backward. By the 1920s, airfoils typically had a rounded upper surface, with the greatest height being reached in the first third of the chord (width). Over the years, airfoils have been adapted to meet changing needs. Early airfoils typically had little more than a slightly curved upper surface and a flat undersurface. Understanding lift first requires an understanding of an airfoil, which is a structure designed to obtain reaction upon its surface from the air through which it moves. Lift and thrust are artificially created elements devised to enable an aircraft to fly. Drag and weight are elements inherent in any object, including an aircraft. (In turning, diving, or climbing flight, additional forces come into play.) These forces are lift, an upward-acting force drag, a retarding force of the resistance to lift and to the friction of the aircraft moving through the air weight, the downward effect that gravity has on the aircraft and thrust, the forward-acting force provided by the propulsion system (or, in the case of unpowered aircraft, by using gravity to translate altitude into speed). Principles of aircraft flight and operation AerodynamicsĪn aircraft in straight-and-level unaccelerated flight has four forces acting on it. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!įrom zeppelins to jet-powered propellers, launch into this quiz and test your knowledge of aircraft and aviation.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.From tech to household and wellness products. This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.The Plane Effect is billed as a “time-and-mind bending” game with tailored visuals crafted by “experts.” It’ll also release on the Xbox Series X and S, Nintendo Switch, and PC.Ĭheck out a prologue animation video below. Along the dangerous path that Solo walks, you’ll be challenged with untangling impossible series’ of events, getting to grips with the intangible and using logic to overcome the increasingly illogical dystopia around you. Toying with your grip of reality and distorting the balance of time and space, Solo battles adversity as he traverses the abstruse and deeply aesthetic world of The Plane Effect. You remember having a wife and child… you’re sure of it. You do have a family, don’t you? You think you do. The Plane Effect puts you in the shoes of Solo, a lonely office worker on his final day at the office and it is time to return to your beautiful family. But where is home? And what is home? Are you alone, Solo? It is your last day, it is time to clock out and head home.
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